Report this Document. Flag for inappropriate content. Download now. Save Save london smog For Later. Original Title: london smog. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Jump to Page. Search inside document. NOx, ozone, hydrocarbons. Composition Of London Smog On each day during the foggy period, the following pollutants were emitted: 1, tones of smoke particles. Within a 30 km radius of the power plant, the total population was between , and , Inadequate safety precautions were included in the test program and the operating personnel were not alerted to the nuclear safety implications of the electrical test and its potential danger.
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Primary pollutants are released into the atmosphere because of human activity while secondary pollutants are produced when primary pollutants react with each other or with the air in the presence of sunlight. The primary air pollutants of smog are mainly composed of anthropogenic gases gases resulting from human activity including nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matter extremely small particles combined with water droplets which can cause serious health problems when inhaled.
The thicker the smoke is, the higher the concentration of toxic gases and particles. Pakistan has no real-time air quality monitoring system for on-site monitoring of its polluted cities. However, some measurements taken during smoggy days show a concentration of pollutants much higher than those recommended by the National Environmental Quality Standards.
Exposure to smog for long hours can cause serious health issues — it can cause chest congestion, irritation in our respiratory system, reduce lung function and aggravate asthma.
It also affects the immune system of animals to fight against harmful bacteria in the respiratory tract. According to Dr Kashif Raza Khan, ophthalmologist at King Edward Medical University, exposure to smog can cause short-term eye-burning which can be treated by washing the eyes with water.
Using a mask is recommended especially for motorcyclists. While the current smog over Lahore is being attributed primarily to crop burning, there are multiple sources of smog production. A World Bank study revealed that from November to January , several contributing factors were responsible for the high particulate matter in the air such as diesel emissions 28 per cent , biomass burning 15pc , coal combustion 13pc , secondary particulate matter 30pc , exhaust from two-stroke vehicles 8pc , and industrial sources 6pc.
The biggest culprits were diesel and emissions from motorcycles and rickshaws which accounted for 36pc of the high particulate matter. Although a large component of the carbonaceous aerosols in Lahore originated from fossil fuel combustion, a significant fraction was derived from biomass burning.
Tackling pollution caused by vehicles will be the biggest headache for authorities. The number of vehicles in Pakistan has jumped from approximately two million to From to , the number of motorcycles and scooters grew more than pc, and motor cars close to pc. Industrial sites and factories such as brick kilns and steel mills located within city limits are also a contributing factor. There are also reports of open-field burning of rice straw across the border in the Indian Punjab region which has aggravated smog in Lahore as reported by Nasa.
According to environmental lawyer, Ahmed Rafay Alam, Pakistan can hold India liable for the current smog but only if the government can prove its neighbouring country is responsible. The local administration in New Delhi took immediate measures such as closures of schools to prevent children from being exposed to toxic air, the shutting down of the coal-fired Badarpur Thermal Power plant, banning of all construction and demolition work and a ban on burning trash at landfill sites.
Vacuum cleaning is also being done on highways to clean the air while artificial rain is also under consideration. London-type smog b. Answered When smog is composed of sulfurous smoke and foggy air, it is usually called Los Angeles-type smog. Answered London smog has a deserved reputation as a killerthe smog killed thousands of people. What will B train exhaust. C sulfur Need homework help now? Ask unlimited questions for free Ask a Question. Marked as best answer by a Subject Expert.
Reply 1 on: Jul 13, Reply 2 on: Jul 13, Reply 3 on: Yesterday. Did you know? A cylinder head with four valves per cylinder, two intake valves larger and two exhaust valves
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